The thieves' guild doesn't have that kind of power in Nehrim.
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- It's just a small band of Aeterna who would most likely be killed on sight by the guards if they knew about them.
As for making 10,000+ gold, well, it depends on how far you are into the game. If you're still low-level and haven't left the central part of the map yet, it'll be hard. But generally, I find that after earning enough for the house (after subtracting for the horse and all of the low-level spells), it takes only a fraction of the same amount of time to double your money. I recommend going with your gut and not cheating; it'll be harder and you'll have to deal with avoiding the guards, but (a) there isn't much else to dump your money into after getting the horse and the house, so it won't affect you financially in the long run, and (b) the game is much funner if you force limitations upon yourself, as it gets too easy very quickly otherwise.
Some ways to make the money more quickly:
If you don't mind stealing and can avoid the guards, Erothin is a gold mine. Aside from all of the nice stuff you can find in people's houses and the guard towers, which you can also fence in Erothin, there's the bank. You can find the keys to several people's vaults - I think two of them can be found in houses within Erothin itself when you first arrive there (technically, there's a third, but you'd lose more money to get it than you'd make raiding the vault) - and if you pay close attention there's a secret passageway that you can use to sneak in at night. Or you might be able to just go in through the front, I can't remember if it's key-only or a "very hard" lock. From the bank alone you should be able to make a few thousand, and much more if you steal around Erothin.
Alchemy can also be a good moneymaker. Experiment with potions, see what's profitable, and sell it. If you have a tendency to walk around picking everything, you might already have thousands of coins worth of potential potions sitting in your chest. I actually try to avoid doing this, as it makes you rich very quickly and detracts from the challenge, but in your case it could be useful. As an added bonus, as you level up your alchemy skill to multiples of 25, it becomes easier to make whatever potions you need since you can see more of the properties each ingredient confers. And alchemy raises very quickly at first, so it won't take long at all to reach 25 and see two properties instead of one.
Aside from that, yeah, raiding dungeons and looting. I wouldn't loot
everything, just things that have a good price:weight ratio (I like to go for ~5:1 early on, and slowly increase as better loot starts dropping). Otherwise you'll spend more time lugging things back and forth than enjoying the game. Potions are good, as are scrolls, books, alchemy ingredients, items used in crafting (minus the shovel) and most weapons/armor of steel or better materials. If you find extra enchanting stones (which you will), you can attach them to weapons and armor you sell to increase profit.