I'm having a nearly identical problem. I completed the intro quest (Sunny Summer's Day or whatever it's called?), the screen goes dark, but I hear some dialogue begin. While the dialogue is happening, my cursor changes to the windows loading spinning circle. The dialogue continues with occasional stutters, but there is no video and when I hit escape I get the notification from Windows saying that Skyrim is unresponsive and asking if I want to close it or wait for it to respond.
I'm running Windows 7 Professional, i7-5820 3.30 with an AMD R9 390.